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導讀：英語(yǔ)對MBA考研的重要性不言而喻。英語(yǔ)是不少考生們都頭疼的科目,單詞多、語(yǔ)法多、長(cháng)難句多。為了幫助2020考研er在準備階段更好的積累語(yǔ)法知識，今天小編為大家說(shuō)一說(shuō)考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)。
動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)=時(shí)+態(tài).“時(shí)”指動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)所發(fā)生的時(shí)間,分為現在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)、過(guò)去將來(lái)四種.“態(tài)”指動(dòng)作進(jìn)行的狀態(tài),分為一般、進(jìn)行、完成或完成進(jìn)行四種.
一、時(shí)態(tài)的變化
1.文中出現時(shí)態(tài)變化
(2008,text2)第一段首句:It used to be so straightforward.A journal editor would then remove the authors’names and affiliations(關(guān)系)from the paper and send it to their peers for review.
第二段首句:No longer.The Internet...is making access to scientific results a reality.
2.題中出現時(shí)態(tài)變化
(2006,text 2)Stratford cries poor traditionally.Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge.
28.By saying“Stratford cries poor traditionally”(Line 2-3,Paragraph 4),the author implies that________.
[A]Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects
[B]Stratford has long been in financial difficulties
[C]the town is not really short of money
[D]the townsfolk used to be poorly paid
【答案】C
二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣
虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀(guān)愿望或假想,而不表示客觀(guān)存在的事實(shí),所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件,不一定是事實(shí),或與事實(shí)相反.虛擬語(yǔ)氣常見(jiàn)的表達形式和考查方式如下文.
1.表示與現在事實(shí)相反
從句:If主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí)
主句:主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+do
If I were a bird,I could fly high.
常見(jiàn)變體:if省略,句子倒裝
例:Were I a bird,I could hardly fly high.
2.表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反
從句:If主語(yǔ)+had+done
主句:主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+have done
例:You should have known better than to make such a ridiculous mistake.
你不至于糊涂到這個(gè)地步犯這種荒謬的錯誤啊.
三、語(yǔ)態(tài)
動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)包括主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執行者或狀態(tài)的主體;在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系.由于在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,主語(yǔ)相當于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯賓語(yǔ),所以只有及物動(dòng)詞可以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),而不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構成為:系動(dòng)詞+過(guò)去分詞.如果要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)出者,則由介詞by引出,置于動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞之后.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化由系動(dòng)詞加以體現.
例:
They will open a new supermarket there soon.→A new supermarket will be opened there soon.
The doctor gave two lectures in English.→Two lectures were given by the doctor in English.
