2017考研：英語(yǔ)作文之隱形錯誤

▶指代方面的錯誤

　　在使用代詞it，he，this，that，which，one等時(shí)，前文中應出現明確的先行詞。

　　如：“Since we cannot know what particular bit of knowledge a child will need in the future，it is senseless to force him to learn it.”，這句話(huà)中，him和it這兩個(gè)代詞都有明確的先行詞，分別是a child和knowledge，因此句子的含義非常清楚。

　　可是，不少學(xué)生在使用這些代詞時(shí)，雖然自己很清楚它們指代的是什么，但在作文中卻沒(méi)有交代清楚，結果這些代詞非但沒(méi)有使行文簡(jiǎn)潔，反而造成了意思上的模糊，讓閱卷老師不知所云。

　　誤：Sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden they have to bear.

　　正：Sometimes the teacher will inform students of the heavy burden he has to bear.

　　【說(shuō)明】句1中的they既可指教師，也可指學(xué)生，屬指代不清的?？梢园阉鼈冎械娜我庖粋€(gè)改成單數名詞。因為單數名詞也可以泛指一類(lèi)。

　　▶修飾方面的錯誤

　　修飾語(yǔ)應緊靠被修飾的成分，并和它形成正確的邏輯關(guān)系。如果修飾語(yǔ)的位置不妥當，就會(huì )造出模棱兩可的病句。

　　誤：To keep the air clean, we must move the factories which give off poisonous gases to the countryside.

　　正：To keep the air clean, we must move the factories to the countryside if they give off poisonous gases.

　　【說(shuō)明】句1要表達的是把有害氣體排放到農村，還是把工廠(chǎng)遷到農村去?顯然修飾語(yǔ)to the countryside的位置放錯了。如句2改變一下結構，就能清楚地表達要表達的意思了。

　　▶一致方面的錯誤

　　在一個(gè)句子內部或緊鄰的兩三個(gè)句子之間，要保持時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)、數等的一致。

　　誤：Whether one enjoys or resents advertisements, we are actually bombarded with it every hour of the day.

　　正：Whether we enjoy or resent advertisements, we are actually bombarded with them every hour of the day.

　　【說(shuō)明】代詞應與所指代的先行詞保持人稱(chēng)和數上的一致。句1也可改成Whether one enjoys or resents the advertisement, he is actually bombarded with it every hour of the day.

　　▶平行結構方面的錯誤

　　這里專(zhuān)指語(yǔ)態(tài)、比較級、非謂語(yǔ)形式、冠詞用法、可數名詞和不可數名詞、不定代詞單復數以及時(shí)態(tài)等錯誤。

　　1、誤：Narrow streets easily cause to happen many traffic accidents.

　　正：narrow streets easily cause many traffic accidents. (to happen)

　　誤：A great change has been taken place since then.

　　正：A great change has taken place since then.

　　誤：But it may occur some new problems.

　　正：But some new problems may occur/arise.

　　誤：Opportunities are only belonged to those who work hard.

　　正：Opportunities only belong to those who work hard.

　　【說(shuō)明】happen，take place，occur，arise等動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞詞組一般既不能用作被動(dòng)結構，也不能作為及物動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)的。但學(xué)生作文中類(lèi)似的錯誤較多：Our country has taken place a great change in many fields.

　　2、誤：The pace of our modern life is getting more faster and faster.

　　正：The pace of our modern life is getting faster and faster.

　　誤：Electricity is the most important power in our daily life than other kinds of power.

　　正：Electricity is the most important power in our daily life.

　　誤：Thus our city will be greatly beautif