考研英語(yǔ)閱讀：細節題中巧用詞匯技法

首先我們應該鎖定細節題在原文中的位置，一般可以通過(guò)題干中出現的人物、時(shí)間、段落提示語(yǔ)等關(guān)鍵詞確定原文中的答案區間，進(jìn)而找到關(guān)鍵語(yǔ)句。然后把原文與題目中的選項進(jìn)行比對，選擇與原文意思比較接近的并且符合題目要求的選項，正確選項一般是對原文內容的同義替換。而這主要是通過(guò)詞匯的變換來(lái)實(shí)現的，包括1.原詞重現；2.同近義詞替換；3.反義詞替換；4.上下義詞替換。下面我們通過(guò)歷年真題來(lái)看一下如何利用詞匯技法來(lái)解答閱讀中的細節題。

　　1.原詞重現

　　The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical.。?！?2005 T 2)

　　27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ________。

　　[A] a protector

　　[B] a judge

　　[C] a critic

　　[D] a guide

　　在找這道題的原文區間時(shí)，我們首先要鎖定題干中的專(zhuān)有名詞Bruce Alberts, 然后去原文中找對應的段落和句子。通過(guò)分析science does provide us with the best available guide，即為science can serve as a guide. 選項guide為原文中的詞匯。

　　2.同近義詞替換

　　(1)Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. (2014 Text 1)

　　34.According to Paragraph 3，being unemployed makes one feel

　　[A]uneasy

　　分析：鎖定原文第三自然段，being unemployed 即為losing the job, uneasy是embarrassing的同義替換。

　　(2)What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”―protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits. (2014 Text 1)

　　33. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?

　　[D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers。

　　分析：題干中prompt為motivate的同義詞，選項中passion為zeal的同義替換。

　　同近義詞替換在題干和選項中出現的頻率較高，大家在記憶詞匯的時(shí)候需要了解?？荚~匯的同近義詞。

　　3.反義詞替換

　　In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. (2014 Text 1)

　　31. George Osborne’s scheme was intended to

　　[B] encourage jobseekers’active engagement in job seeking。

　　分析：reduce dependency即為encourage active engagement, active engagement是dependency的反義詞。

　　4.上下義詞替換

　　As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years。
31.The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as
[D] a handsome reward for researchers。

　　分析：題干中The Fundamental Physics Prize是a string of lucrative awards中的一種，The Fundamental Physics Prize是award的下義詞。另外，handsome為lucrative的同義詞。

　　通過(guò)考研閱讀真題的分析，大家應該對考研中如何利用詞匯技法來(lái)選擇正確答案，例如原詞重現、近反義詞、上下義詞等詞匯的考察和運用有了更深的了解。希望大家在以后的考研英語(yǔ)閱讀中，多運用這些詞匯技法進(jìn)行解題，你會(huì )發(fā)現閱讀其實(shí)也很“簡(jiǎn)單”。